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Under God in the Pledge

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Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?
Under God ProCon.org presents facts, laws, historical data, and pro and con statements on questions related to the inclusion of the phrase "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance of the United States. For the best overview of this website, start with the four boxes below: 1-Minute Overview, expert responses to our core question "Should the words 'under God' be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?," Top 10 Pros and Cons, and fun facts in Did You Know?

1-Minute Overview Core Question Top 10 Pros & Cons Did You Know?

For more information browse the left column resources, read pros and cons in the issues below, or visit our notices section for our most recent content.

Pros and Cons by Issue
Core Question
  Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?

Historical Background
  Founding Fathers
  Religion and the Founding of the United States

Religion and the State
  Christian Nation Debate
  Majority Rule v. Minority Rights
  International

Pledge of Allegiance
  Pledge History and Documents
  First Amendment and Establishment Clause
  Legal Considerations
  Religious Considerations

Other Official References to God in Government
  US Currency
  Court and Presidential Oaths
  US Code

ProCon.org Notices (archived after 30 days)

3/11/2010 - NEW: Federal Appeals Court upholds "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance in 2-1 decision – Michael Newdow’s latest effort to remove the phrase that had been added in 1954 fails in a split decision by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

Archived Notices (archived after 30 days)

Last updated on 3/12/2010 8:40:01 AM PST

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