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House Joint Resolution 46 Overview

I. Summary

Rep. Ernest Istook, Republican from Oklahoma, introduced House Joint Resolution 46 proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States on Apr. 9, 2003 to restore religious freedom. It was submitted to the Committee on the Judiciary. On May 5, 2003 it was referred to the House Subcommittee on the Constitution. It did not become law.

House Joint Resolution 40 resolved, "by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification, and is intended to include protection of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, the display of the Ten Commandments, and voluntary school prayer:

Article --

To secure the people's right to acknowledge God according to the dictates of conscience:

The people retain the right to pray and to recognize their religious beliefs, heritage, and traditions on public property, including schools.

The United States and the States shall not establish any official religion nor require any person to join in prayer or religious activity."

See the full text of House Joint Resolution 46 (PDF) 34KB


II. Co-Sponsors
Representative's NameStatePartyDate of Co-Sponsorship
Robert AderholtALRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Todd AkinMORepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Rodney AlexanderLADemocratApr. 9, 2003
Spencer BachusALRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Richard BakerLARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Cass BallengerNCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
James BarrettSCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Roscoe BartlettMDRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Joe BartonTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Bob BeauprezCORepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Rob BishopUTRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Sanford BishopGADemocratApr. 9, 2003
Henry BonillaTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jo BonnerALRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John BoozmanARRepublicanApr. 29, 2003
Kevin BradyTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Henry BrownSCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Virginia Brown-WaiteFLRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Michael BurgessTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Ken CalvertCARepublicanApr. 11, 2003
John CarterTXRepublicanSept. 24, 2003
Steven ChabotOHRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Chris ChocolaINRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Tom ColeOKRepublicanSept. 17, 2003
Michael CollinsGARepublicanJune 14, 2004
Barbara CubinWYRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John CulbersonTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jo Ann DavisVARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Lincoln DavisTNDemocratApr. 9, 2003
Nathan DealGARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jim DeMintSCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John DoolittleCARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John DuncanTNRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jo Ann EmersonMORepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Philip EnglishPARepublicanSept. 29, 2003
Terry EverettALRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Tom FeeneyFLRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jeff FlakeAZRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
James ForbesVARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Trent FranksAZRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
James GibbonsNVRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John GingreyGARepublicanMar. 30, 2004
Virgil GoodeVARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Robert GoodlatteVARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Mark GreenWIRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Ralph HallTXDemocratApr. 9, 2003
Katherine HarrisFLRepublicanSept. 11, 2003
Robert HayesNCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John HayworthAZRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Joel HefleyCORepublicanApr. 9, 2003?
Jeb HensarlingTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Walter HergerCARepublicanApr. 9, 2003

 
Representative's NameStatePartyDate of Co-Sponsorship
Peter HoekstraMIRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Duncan HunterCARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
William JanklowSDRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Samuel JohnsonTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Walter JonesNCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Steve KingIARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jack KingstonGARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Ray LaHoodILRepublicanMay 7, 2003
Ron LewisKYRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John LinderGARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
William LipinskiILDemocratApr. 9, 2003
Frank LucasOKRepublicanSept. 17, 2003
Kenneth LucasKYDemocratApr. 9, 2003
James McCreryLARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Mike McIntyreNCDemocratMar. 23, 2004
Jeff MillerFLRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Marilyn MusgraveCORepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Sue MyrickNCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Charles NorwoodGARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Steven PearceNMRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Mike PenceINRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John PetersonPARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Joseph PittsPARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Todd PlattsPARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Nick RahallWVDemocratApr. 9, 2003
Harold RogersKYRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Michael RogersALRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Edward RoyceCARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Jim RyunKSRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Edward SchrockVARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Peter SessionsTXRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
John ShimkusILRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
William ShusterPARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Christopher SmithNJRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Nick SmithMIRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Mark SouderINRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Clifford StearnsFLRepublicanApr. 10, 2003
Charles StenholmTXDemocratApr. 9, 2003
John SullivanOKRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Thomas TancredoCORepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Charles TaylorNCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Gene TaylorMSDemocratApr. 9, 2003
Lee TerryNERepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Todd TiahrtKSRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Patrick ToomeyPARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
David VitterLARepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Zach WampTNRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
David WeldonFLRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Edward WhitfieldKYRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Roger WickerMSRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
Addison WilsonSCRepublicanApr. 9, 2003
III. Related Links

1. Read the full text of House Joint Resolution 46 (PDF) 34KB

2. See similar legislation House Joint Resolution 57 introduced by Rep. Ernest Istook in the 109th Congress.

3. Research Congressional Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance.

4. Learn more about the First Amendment as it relates to the the Pledge of Allegiance.

5. Pledge of Allegiance History 1887-Today