Associated Press writer Jim Abrams reported on July 20, 2006:

"Legislation [Pledge Protection Act aka H. R. 2389] to bar federal courts from ruling on constitutional issues arising from the Pledge of Allegiance, including the 'one nation, under God' reference, passed the House after lawmakers argued that the pledge is linked to the nation's spiritual history.

Opponents countered that such a law, a priority of social conservatives, would undercut judicial independence and deny access to federal courts to religious minorities seeking to defend their rights."
July 20, 2006 Associated Press

Rep. Todd Akin, Republican from Missouri, introduced the House Bill HR 2389 known as the Pledge Protection Act 2005 on May 17, 2005. It would amend title 28 of United States Code with respect to the jurisdiction of Federal courts over certain cases and controversies involving the Pledge of Allegiance. On July 19, 2006 the bill passed the House of Representatives by roll call vote. On Aug. 4, 2004 it was recieved by the Senate. This bill is identical to S.1046 which was intoduced on May 17, 2005 but has not passed. The 109th Senate is expected to end Oct. 6, 2006.

See the full text of Pledge Protection Act 2005 (PDF) 33KB

II. Vote Summary

The bill passed the House of Representatives on July 19, 2006 with:		Ayes	Nays	Not Voting
260 Ayes	Democrat	39	158	4
167 Nays	Republican	221	8	1
5 Not Voting	Independent	0	1	0

III. Geographic Chart of Votes

IV. Vote Totals

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

Representative's Name District Vote Abercrombie, Neil [D] HI-01 Nay Ackerman, Gary [D] NY-05 Nay Aderholt, Robert [R] AL-04 Aye Akin, W. [R] MO-02 Aye Alexander, Rodney [R] LA-05 Aye Allen, Thomas[D] ME-01 Nay Andrews, Robert [D] NJ-01 Nay Baca, Joe [D] CA-43 Nay Bachus, Spencer [R] AL-06 Aye Baird, Brian [D] WA-03 Nay Baker, Richard [R] LA-06 Aye Baldwin, Tammy [D] WI-02 Nay Barrett, James [R] SC-03 Aye Barrow, John [D] GA-12 Aye Bartlett, Roscoe [R] MD-06 Aye Barton, Joe [R] TX-06 Aye Bass, Charles [R] NH-02 Aye Bean, Melissa [D] IL-08 Nay Beauprez, Bob [R] CO-07 Aye Becerra, Xavier [D] CA-31 Nay Berkley, Shelley [D] NV-01 Nay Berman, Howard [D] CA-28 Nay Berry, Robert [D] AR-01 Aye Biggert, Judy [R] IL-13 Nay Bilbray, Brian [R] CA-50 Aye Bilirakis, Michael [R] FL-09 Aye Bishop, Rob [R] UT-01 Aye Bishop, Sanford [D] GA-02 Aye Bishop, Timothy [D] NY-01 Nay Blackburn, Marsha [R] TN-07 Aye Blumenauer, Earl [D] OR-03 Nay Blunt, Roy [R] MO-07 Aye Boehlert, Sherwood [R] NY-24 Aye Boehner, John [R] OH-08 Aye Bonilla, Henry [R] TX-23 Aye Bonner, Jo [R] AL-01 Aye Bono, Mary [R] CA-45 Aye Boozman, John [R] AR-03 Aye Boren, Dan [D] OK-02 Aye Boswell, Leonard [D] IA-03 Aye Boucher, Frederick [D] VA-09 Aye Boustany, Charles [R] LA-07 Aye Boyd, F. [D] FL-02 Aye Brady, Kevin [R] TX-08 Aye Brady, Robert [D] PA-01 Nay Brown, Corrine [D] FL-03 Nay Brown, Henry [R] SC-01 Aye Brown, Sherrod [D] OH-13 Nay Brown-Waite, Virginia [R] FL-05 Aye Burgess, Michael [R] TX-26 Aye Burton, Dan [R] IN-05 Aye Butterfield, George [D] NC-01 Nay Buyer, Stephen [R] IN-04 Aye Calvert, Ken [R] CA-44 Aye Camp, David [R] MI-04 Aye Campbell, John [R] CA-48 Aye Cannon, Christopher [R] UT-03 Aye Cantor, Eric [R] VA-07 Aye Capito, Shelley [R] WV-02 Aye Capps, Lois [D] CA-23 Nay Capuano, Michael [D] MA-08 Nay Cardin, Benjamin [D] MD-03 Nay Cardoza, Dennis [D] CA-18 Nay Carnahan, Russ [D] MO-03 Aye Carson, Julia [D] IN-07 Nay Carter, John [R] TX-31 Aye Case, Ed [D] HI-02 Nay Castle, Michael [R] DE-00 Aye Chabot, Steven [R] OH-01 Aye Chandler, Ben [D] KY-06 Aye Chocola, Chris [R] IN-02 Aye Clay, William [D] MO-01 Nay Cleaver, Emanuel [D] MO-05 Nay Clyburn, James [D] SC-06 Nay Coble, John [R] NC-06 Aye Cole, Tom [R] OK-04 Aye Conaway, K. [R] TX-11 Aye Conyers, John [D] MI-14 Nay Cooper, Jim [D] TN-05 Nay Costa, Jim [D] CA-20 Aye Costello, Jerry [D] IL-12 Aye Cramer, Robert [D] AL-05 Aye Crenshaw, Ander [R] FL-04 Aye Crowley, Joseph [D] NY-07 Nay Cubin, Barbara [R] WY-00 Aye Cuellar, Henry [D] TX-28 Aye Culberson, John [R] TX-07 Aye Cummings, Elijah [D] MD-07 Nay Davis, Artur [D] AL-07 Nay Davis, Danny [D] IL-07 Nay Davis, Geoff [R] KY-04 Aye Davis, James [D] FL-11 Nay Davis, Jo Ann [R] VA-01 Aye Davis, Lincoln [D] TN-04 Aye Davis, Susan [D] CA-53 Nay Davis, Thomas [R] VA-11 Aye Deal, Nathan [R] GA-10 Aye DeFazio, Peter [D] OR-04 Nay DeGette, Diana [D] CO-01 Nay Delahunt, William [D] MA-10 Nay DeLauro, Rosa [D] CT-03 Nay Dent, Charles [R] PA-15 Aye Diaz-Balart, Lincoln [R] FL-21 Aye Diaz-Balart, Mario [R] FL-25 Aye Dicks, Norman [D] WA-06 Nay Dingell, John [D] MI-15 Nay Doggett, Lloyd [D] TX-25 Nay Doolittle, John [R] CA-04 Aye Doyle, Michael [D] PA-14 Nay Drake, Thelma [R] VA-02 Aye Dreier, David [R] CA-26 Aye Duncan, John [R] TN-02 Aye Edwards, Thomas [D] TX-17 Aye Ehlers, Vernon [R] MI-03 Aye Emanuel, Rahm [D] IL-05 Nay Emerson, Jo Ann [R] MO-08 Aye Engel, Eliot [D] NY-17 Nay English, Philip [R] PA-03 Nay Eshoo, Anna [D] CA-14 Nay Etheridge, Bob [D] NC-02 Aye Evans, Lane [D] IL-17 No Vote Everett, Terry [R] AL-02 Aye Farr, Sam [D] CA-17 Nay Fattah, Chaka [D] PA-02 Nay Feeney, Tom [R] FL-24 Aye Ferguson, Michael [R] NJ-07 Aye Filner, Bob [D] CA-51 Nay Fitzpatrick, Michael [R] PA-08 Aye Flake, Jeff [R] AZ-06 Nay Foley, Mark [R] FL-16 Aye Forbes, James [R] VA-04 Aye Ford, Harold [D] TN-09 Aye Fortenberry, Jeffrey [R] NE-01 Aye Fossella, Vito [R] NY-13 Aye Foxx, Virginia [R] NC-05 Aye Frank, Barney [D] MA-04 Nay Franks, Trent [R] AZ-02 Aye Frelinghuysen, Rodney [R] NJ-11 Aye Gallegly, Elton [R] CA-24 Aye Garrett, E. [R] NJ-05 Aye Gerlach, Jim [R] PA-06 Aye Gibbons, James [R] NV-02 Aye Gilchrest, Wayne [R] MD-01 Nay Gillmor, Paul [R] OH-05 Aye Gingrey, John [R] GA-11 Aye Gohmert, Louis [R] TX-01 Aye Gonzalez, Charles [D] TX-20 Nay Goode, Virgil [R] VA-05 Aye Goodlatte, Robert [R] VA-06 Aye Gordon, Barton [D] TN-06 Aye Granger, Kay [R] TX-12 Aye Graves, Samuel [R] MO-06 Aye Green, Al [D] TX-09 Nay Green, Mark [R] WI-08 Aye Green, Raymond [D] TX-29 Aye Grijalva, Raul [D] AZ-07 Nay Gutierrez, Luis [D] IL-04 No Vote Gutknecht, Gilbert [R] MN-01 Aye Hall, Ralph [R] TX-04 Aye Harman, Jane [D] CA-36 Nay Harris, Katherine [R] FL-13 Aye Hart, Melissa [R] PA-04 Aye Hastings, Alcee [D] FL-23 Nay Hastings, Doc [R] WA-04 Aye Hayes, Robert [R] NC-08 Aye Hayworth, John [R] AZ-05 Aye Hefley, Joel [R] CO-05 Aye Hensarling, Jeb [R] TX-05 Aye Herger, Walter [R] CA-02 Aye Higgins, Brian [D] NY-27 Nay Hinchey, Maurice [D] NY-22 Nay Hinojosa, Ruben [D] TX-15 Aye Hobson, David [R] OH-07 Aye Hoekstra, Peter [R] MI-02 Aye Holden, Tim [D] PA-17 Aye Holt, Rush [D] NJ-12 Nay Honda, Michael [D] CA-15 Nay Hooley, Darlene [D] OR-05 Nay Hostettler, John [R] IN-08 Aye Rep. Hoyer, Steny [D] MD-05 Nay Hulshof, Kenny [R] MO-09 Aye Hunter, Duncan [R] CA-52 Aye Hyde, Henry [R] IL-06 Aye Inglis, Bob [R] SC-04 Nay Inslee, Jay [D] WA-01 No Vote Israel, Steve [D] NY-02 Nay Issa, Darrell [R] CA-49 Aye Istook, Ernest [R] OK-05 Aye Jackson, Jesse [D] IL-02 Nay Jackson-Lee, Sheila [D] TX-18 Nay Jefferson, William [D] LA-02 Nay Jenkins, William [R] TN-01 Aye Jindal, Bobby [R] LA-01 Aye Johnson, Eddie [D] TX-30 Nay Johnson, Nancy [R] CT-05 Aye Johnson, Samuel [R] TX-03 Aye Johnson, Timothy [R] IL-15 Aye Jones, Stephanie [D] OH-11 Nay Jones, Walter [R] NC-03 Aye Kanjorski, Paul [D] PA-11 Nay Kaptur, Marcy [D] OH-09 Nay Keller, Ric [R] FL-08 Aye Kelly, Sue [R] NY-19 Aye Kennedy, Mark [R] MN-06 Aye Kennedy, Patrick [D] RI-01 Nay Kildee, Dale [D] MI-05 Nay Kilpatrick, Carolyn [D] MI-13 Nay Kind, Ronald [D] WI-03 Nay King, Peter [R] NY-03 Aye King, Steve [R] IA-05 Aye Kingston, Jack [R] GA-01 Aye Kirk, Mark [R] IL-10 Aye Kline, John [R] MN-02 Aye Knollenberg, Joseph [R] MI-09 Aye Kolbe, James [R] AZ-08 Nay Kucinich, Dennis [D] OH-10 Nay Kuhl, John [R] NY-29 Aye

Representative's Name District Vote LaHood, Ray [R] IL-18 Aye Langevin, James [D] RI-02 Nay Lantos, Tom [D] CA-12 Nay Larsen, Rick [D] WA-02 Nay Larson, John [D] CT-01 Nay Latham, Thomas [R] IA-04 Aye LaTourette, Steven [R] OH-14 Aye Leach, James [R] IA-02 Aye Lee, Barbara [D] CA-09 Nay Levin, Sander [D] MI-12 Nay Lewis, Jerry [R] CA-41 Aye Lewis, John [D] GA-05 Nay Lewis, Ron [R] KY-02 Aye Linder, John [R] GA-07 Aye Lipinski, Daniel [D] IL-03 Aye LoBiondo, Frank [R] NJ-02 Aye Lofgren, Zoe [D] CA-16 Nay Lowey, Nita [D] NY-18 Nay Lucas, Frank [R] OK-03 Aye Lungren, Daniel [R] CA-03 Aye Lynch, Stephen [D] MA-09 Nay Mack, Connie [R] FL-14 Aye Maloney, Carolyn [D] NY-14 Nay Manzullo, Donald [R] IL-16 Aye Marchant, Kenny [R] TX-24 Aye Markey, Edward [D] MA-07 Nay Marshall, James [D] GA-03 Aye Matheson, Jim [D] UT-02 Aye Matsui, Doris [D] CA-05 Nay McCarthy, Carolyn [D] NY-04 Nay McCaul, Michael [R] TX-10 Aye McCollum, Betty [D] MN-04 Nay McCotter, Thaddeus [R] MI-11 Aye McCrery, James [R] LA-04 Aye McDermott, James [D] WA-07 Nay McGovern, James [D] MA-03 Nay Mchenry, Patrick [R] NC-10 Aye McHugh, John [R] NY-23 Aye McIntyre, Mike [D] NC-07 Aye McKeon, Howard [R] CA-25 Aye McKinney, Cynthia [D] GA-04 No Vote Mcmorris, Cathy [R] WA-05 Aye McNulty, Michael [D] NY-21 Nay Meehan, Martin [D] MA-05 Nay Meek, Kendrick [D] FL-17 Nay Meeks, Gregory [D] NY-06 Nay Melancon, Charles [D] LA-03 Aye Mica, John [R] FL-07 Aye Michaud, Michael [D] ME-02 Nay Millender-McDonald, Juanita [D] CA-37 Nay Miller, Candice [R] MI-10 Aye Miller, Gary [R] CA-42 Aye Miller, George [D] CA-07 Nay Miller, Jeff [R] FL-01 Aye Miller, R. [D] NC-13 Nay Mollohan, Alan [D] WV-01 Aye Moore, Dennis [D] KS-03 Nay Moore, Gwen [D] WI-04 Nay Moran, James [D] VA-08 Nay Moran, Jerry [R] KS-01 Aye Murphy, Tim [R] PA-18 Aye Murtha, John [D] PA-12 Nay Musgrave, Marilyn [R] CO-04 Aye Myrick, Sue [R] NC-09 Aye Nadler, Jerrold [D] NY-08 Nay Napolitano, Grace [D] CA-38 Nay Neal, Richard [D] MA-02 Nay Neugebauer, Randy [R] TX-19 Aye Ney, Robert [R] OH-18 Aye Northup, Anne [R] KY-03 No Vote Norwood, Charles [R] GA-09 Aye Nunes, Devin [R] CA-21 Aye Nussle, James [R] IA-01 Aye Oberstar, James [D] MN-08 Nay Obey, David [D] WI-07 Nay Olver, John [D] MA-01 Nay Ortiz, Solomon [D] TX-27 Nay Ortiz, Solomon [D] TX-27 Nay Osborne, Thomas [R] NE-03 Aye Otter, C.L. [R] ID-01 Aye Owens, Major [D] NY-11 Nay Oxley, Michael [R] OH-04 Aye Pallone, Frank [D] NJ-06 Nay Pascrell, William [D] NJ-08 Nay Pastor, Edward [D] AZ-04 Nay Paul, Ronald [R] TX-14 Aye Payne, Donald [D] NJ-10 Nay Pearce, Steven [R] NM-02 Aye Pelosi, Nancy [D] CA-08 Nay Pence, Mike [R] IN-06 Aye Peterson, Collin [D] MN-07 Aye Peterson, John [R] PA-05 Aye Petri, Thomas [R] WI-06 Aye Pickering, Charles [R] MS-03 Aye Pitts, Joseph [R] PA-16 Aye Platts, Todd [R] PA-19 Aye Poe, Ted [R] TX-02 Aye Pombo, Richard [R] CA-11 Aye Pomeroy, Earl [D] ND-00 Nay Porter, Jon [R] NV-03 Aye Price, David [D] NC-04 Nay Price, Tom [R] GA-06 Aye Pryce, Deborah [R] OH-15 Aye Putnam, Adam [R] FL-12 Aye Radanovich, George [R] CA-19 Aye Rahall, Nick [D] WV-03 Aye Ramstad, James [R] MN-03 Aye Rangel, Charles [D] NY-15 Nay Regula, Ralph [R] OH-16 Aye Rehberg, Dennis [R] MT-00 Aye Reichert, Dave [R] WA-08 Aye Renzi, Rick [R] AZ-01 Aye Reyes, Silvestre [D] TX-16 Nay Reynolds, Thomas [R] NY-26 Aye Rogers, Harold [R] KY-05 Aye Rogers, Michael [R] AL-03 Aye Rohrabacher, Dana [R] CA-46 Nay Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana [R] FL-18 Aye Ross, Mike [D] AR-04 Aye Rothman, Steven [D] NJ-09 Nay Roybal-Allard, Lucille [D] CA-34 Nay Royce, Edward [R] CA-40 Aye Ruppersberger, C.A. [D] MD-02 Nay Rush, Bobby [D] IL-01 Nay Ryan, Paul [R] WI-01 Aye Ryan, Timothy [D] OH-17 Nay Ryun, Jim [R] KS-02 Aye Sabo, Martin [D] MN-05 Nay Salazar, John [D] CO-03 Aye Sanchez, Linda [D] CA-39 Nay Sanchez, Loretta [D] CA-47 Nay Sanders, Bernard [I] VT-00 Nay Saxton, H. [R] NJ-03 Aye Schakowsky, Janice [D] IL-09 Nay Schiff, Adam [D] CA-29 Nay Schmidt, Jean [R] OH-02 Aye Schwartz, Allyson [D] PA-13 Nay Schwarz, John [R] MI-07 Aye Scott, David [D] GA-13 Aye Scott, Robert [D] VA-03 Nay Sensenbrenner, F. [R] WI-05 Aye Serrano, José [D] NY-16 Nay Sessions, Peter [R] TX-32 Aye Shadegg, John [R] AZ-03 Aye Shaw, E. [R] FL-22 Aye Shays, Christopher [R] CT-04 Nay Sherman, Brad [D] CA-27 Nay Sherwood, Donald [R] PA-10 Aye Shimkus, John [R] IL-19 Aye Shuster, William [R] PA-09 Aye Simmons, Robert [R] CT-02 Aye Simpson, Michael [R] ID-02 Aye Skelton, Ike [D] MO-04 Aye Slaughter, Louise [D] NY-28 Nay Smith, Adam [D] WA-09 Nay Smith, Christopher [R] NJ-04 Aye Smith, Lamar [R] TX-21 Aye Snyder, Victor [D] AR-02 Nay Sodrel, Michael [R] IN-09 Aye Solis, Hilda [D] CA-32 Nay Souder, Mark [R] IN-03 Aye Spratt, John [D] SC-05 Nay Stark, Fortney [D] CA-13 Nay Stearns, Clifford [R] FL-06 Aye Strickland, Ted [D] OH-06 Nay Stupak, Bart [D] MI-01 Nay Sullivan, John [R] OK-01 Aye Sweeney, John [R] NY-20 Aye Tancredo, Thomas [R] CO-06 Aye Tanner, John [D] TN-08 Aye Tauscher, Ellen [D] CA-10 Nay Taylor, Charles [R] NC-11 Aye Taylor, Gene [D] MS-04 Aye Terry, Lee [R] NE-02 Aye Thomas, William [R] CA-22 Aye Thompson, Bennie [D] MS-02 Aye Thompson, C. [D] CA-01 Nay Thornberry, William [R] TX-13 Aye Tiahrt, Todd [R] KS-04 Aye Tiberi, Patrick [R] OH-12 Aye Tierney, John [D] MA-06 Nay Towns, Edolphus [D] NY-10 Aye Turner, Michael [R] OH-03 Aye Udall, Mark [D] CO-02 Nay Udall, Tom [D] NM-03 Nay Upton, Frederick [R] MI-06 Aye Van Hollen, Christopher [D] MD-08 Nay Velazquez, Nydia [D] NY-12 Nay Visclosky, Peter [D] IN-01 Nay Walden, Greg [R] OR-02 Aye Walsh, James [R] NY-25 Aye Wamp, Zach [R] TN-03 Aye Wasserman Schultz, Debbie [D] FL-20 Nay Waters, Maxine [D] CA-35 Nay Watson, Diane [D] CA-33 Nay Watt, Melvin [D] NC-12 Nay Waxman, Henry [D] CA-30 Nay Weiner, Anthony [D] NY-09 Nay Weldon, David [R] FL-15 Aye Weldon, W. [R] PA-07 Aye Weller, Gerald [R] IL-11 Aye Westmoreland, Lynn [R] GA-08 Aye Wexler, Robert [D] FL-19 Nay Whitfield, Edward [R] KY-01 Aye Wicker, Roger [R] MS-01 Aye Wilson, Addison [R] SC-02 Aye Wilson, Heather [R] NM-01 Aye Wolf, Frank [R] VA-10 Aye Woolsey, Lynn [D] CA-06 Nay Wu, David [D] OR-01 Nay Wynn, Albert [D] MD-04 Aye Young, C. W. [R] FL-10 Aye Young, Donald [R] AK-00 Aye

V. Related Links

1. Should the Pledge of Allegiance be removed from the jurisdiction of federal courts?

2. See the full text of HR 2389. (PDF) 33KB

3. Examine the related Senate Pledge Protection Act 2005.

4. View the earlier versions (Pledge Protection Act 2003) from the 108th Congress and (Pledge Protection Act 2002) in the 107th Congress.

5. Research the Congressional Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance.

6. Pledge of Allegiance History 1887-Today