References to God in Court and Presidential Oaths - Under God in the Pledge

Under God in the Pledge

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Video introduction to ProCon.org and the pros and cons of controversial topics

Under God in the Pledge Home

Featured Resources

1. Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?

2. Top 10 Pros and Cons

3. Did You Know?

4. Historical Timeline

5. Comments

-Pros & Cons by Category

CORE QUESTION

The Founding Fathers

Religion and the Founding of the US

Religion and the State

Pledge of Allegiance - Companion Address

Majority Rule v. Minority Rights

Pledge of Allegiance and the First Amendment

Pledge of Allegiance and US Law

Pledge of Allegiance and Religion

References to God in US Currency

References to God in Court and Presidential Oaths

References to God in US Code

Projects

6. Religion in the Original 13 Colonies

7. Founding Fathers on Religion in Government

8. All Religions and Denominations in the US

9. 68 References to "God" in US Code

10. References to "God" in State Constitutions

11. State Requirements on Pledge of Allegiance in Schools

12. Congressional Pledge Acts

13. Supreme Court Decisions

14. Newdow v. US Congress, Pledge Case #1 (2000-2004)

15. Newdow v. Carey, Pledge Case #2 (2005-2010)

16. Opinion Polls/Surveys

17. The 10 Commandments (four versions)

Learn More

18. Source Biographies

19. Glossary

20. Notices Archive

21. Site Map

+ Additional Resources

10-Minute Summary

Appeals Court Upholds Virginia Pledge

Companion Address

Court Narrows Newdow Pledge Case

District Court Declares Pledge Unconstitutional

First Amendment of the US Constitution

House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance, A-J

House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance K-Z

House Actions on the Pledge, by State A-L

House Actions on the Pledge, by State M-Z

Michael Newdow Files New Challenge
to the Pledge of Allegiance

Newdow Sues to Remove "In God We Trust"

Recap of Oral Arguments - Newdow v. US

Senate Actions on the Pledge (by state)

Senate Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance

Supreme Court Won't Review "In God We Trust"

"Under God" Suit Refiled by Plaintiff

"Under God" Lawsuit Heard by
US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals

US Flag Codes

US Founding Fathers

Federal Appeals Court upholds (2-1) "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance

US Supreme Court Dismisses Pledge Case

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Under God in the Pledge Home Page > References to God in Court and Presidential Oaths

References to God in Court and Presidential Oaths

Why can one pledge to tell the truth "under God" (or affirm) in court?

Should the US President say "so help me God" with a hand on the Bible when taking office?

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