Under God in the Pledge
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Under God in the Pledge Home
Featured Resources
Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?
Top 10 Pros and Cons
Did You Know?
Historical Timeline
Comments
+Pros & Cons by Category
Projects
Religion in the Original 13 Colonies
Founding Fathers on Religion in Government
All Religions and Denominations in the US
68 References to "God" in US Code
References to "God" in State Constitutions
State Requirements on Pledge of Allegiance in Schools
Congressional Pledge Acts
Supreme Court Decisions
Newdow v. US Congress, Pledge Case #1 (2000-2004)
Newdow v. Carey, Pledge Case #2 (2005-2010)
Opinion Polls/Surveys
The 10 Commandments (four versions)
Learn More
Source Biographies
Glossary
Notices Archive
Site Map
- Additional Resources
10-Minute Summary
Appeals Court Upholds Virginia Pledge
Companion Address
Court Narrows Newdow Pledge Case
District Court Declares Pledge Unconstitutional
First Amendment of the US Constitution
House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance, A-J
House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance K-Z
House Actions on the Pledge, by State A-L
House Actions on the Pledge, by State M-Z
Michael Newdow Files New Challenge
to the Pledge of Allegiance
Newdow Sues to Remove "In God We Trust"
Recap of Oral Arguments - Newdow v. US
Senate Actions on the Pledge (by state)
Senate Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance
Supreme Court Won't Review "In God We Trust"
"Under God" Suit Refiled by Plaintiff
"Under God" Lawsuit Heard by
US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
US Flag Codes
US Founding Fathers
Federal Appeals Court upholds (2-1) "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance
US Supreme Court Dismisses Pledge Case
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Additional Resources

- 10-Minute Summary
- Appeals Court Upholds Virginia Pledge
- Companion Address
- Court Narrows Newdow Pledge Case
- District Court Declares Pledge Unconstitutional
- First Amendment of the US Constitution
- House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance, A-J
- House Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance K-Z
- House Actions on the Pledge, by State A-L
- House Actions on the Pledge, by State M-Z
- Michael Newdow Files New Challenge
to the Pledge of Allegiance
- Newdow Sues to Remove "In God We Trust"
- Recap of Oral Arguments - Newdow v. US
- Senate Actions on the Pledge (by state)
- Senate Actions on the Pledge of Allegiance
- Supreme Court Won't Review "In God We Trust"
- "Under God" Suit Refiled by Plaintiff
- "Under God" Lawsuit Heard by
US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals
- US Flag Codes
- US Founding Fathers
- Federal Appeals Court upholds (2-1) "under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance
- US Supreme Court Dismisses Pledge Case
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