Source Biographies - Under God in the Pledge

Under God in the Pledge

ProCon.org



RSS \| Share \| Email \| Print

Under God in the Pledge Home

Featured Resources

1-Minute Overview

Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?

Top 10 Pros and Cons

Did You Know?

Historical Timeline

+ Pros and Cons by Issue

Projects

Religion in the Original 13 Colonies

Founding Fathers on Religion in Government

All Religions and Denominations in the US

68 References to "God" in US Code

References to "God" in State Constitutions

State Requirements on Pledge of Allegiance in Schools

Congressional Pledge Acts

Supreme Court Decisions

Newdow v. US Congress, Pledge Case #1 (2000-2004)

Newdow v. Carey, Pledge Case #2 (2005-2010)

Opinion Polls/Surveys

Learn More

+ Additional Resources

Source Biographies

	Pro	Not Clearly Pro or Con (NC)	Con	None Found (?)
"Should the words "under God" be in the US Pledge of Allegiance?" Summary of Positions
I. Individuals	58 (41.7%)	11 (7.9%)	30 (21.6%)	40 (28.8%)
II. Organizations	37 (33.9%)	1 (0.9%)	23 (21.1%)	47 (43.1%)

Sort by alphabetical order, Sort by position

I. Individuals

# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- # -

- A -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Adams, John		?
Akin, W. Todd , MDiv		Pro
Allen, George , JD		Pro

- B -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Baer, John W., DA, MBA		NC
Balch, George T.		?
Banning, Sandra L.		Pro
Barker, Dan		Con
Barton, David		Pro
Beckstrom, Darryn , MA		Pro
Bellamy, Francis		?
Benen, Steve, MA		NC
Biden, Joe, JD		Pro
Bonomi, Patricia U., PhD		?
Bonta, Steve , PhD		Pro
Boston, Rob		Con
Bowman, Louis Andrew, JD		Pro
Boykin, William		?
Brennan, William J., JD		Pro
Brewer, David J. , JD		?
Brownback, Sam , JD		Pro
Buckner, Ed, PhD		Con
Burns, Conrad		Pro
Bush, George W. , MBA		Pro
Butler, John, PhD		?

- C -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Carroll, Jon		Con
Chemerinsky, Erwin, JD		Con
Choper, Jesse, LLB		Con
Church, Forrest , PhD		Pro
Cline, Austin , MA		Con
Cohen , Charles L., PhD		?
Curry, Rex, JD		Con

- D -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Davis, Derek, JD, PhD		Pro
Davis, Kenneth C.		?
DeMar, Gary , MDiv		NC
Dobson, James C. , PhD		Pro
Drakeman, Donald , JD, PhD		Pro
Dunn, James M., PhD		NC

- E -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Eisenhower, Dwight D.		Pro
Ellis, Richard J., PhD		?
Epstein, Steven, JD		Con

- F -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Falwell, Jerry		Pro
Farah, Joseph		Pro
Federer, William J.		Pro
Feingold, Russ, JD		Pro
Feldman, Noah , JD, PhD		Pro
Fernandez, Ferdinand F., JD		Pro
Fink, Dan		Con
Fleischer, Ari		?
Franklin, Benjamin		?
Franks, Trent		Pro
Frist, Bill, MD		Pro

- G -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Gaddy, C. Welton , PhD		Con
Goldson, Yonason		Pro
Goldwater, Barry		?
Gonzales, Alberto, JD		Pro
Goodwin, Alfred Theodore, JD		Con
Guenter, Scot, PhD		?
Guthrie, William Norman		?

- H -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Hamilton, Alexander		?
Hamilton, Marci A., JD		Con
Hansen, Collin		Con
Haynes, Charles C., PhD		NC
Henry, Patrick		?
Heyrman, Christine, PhD		?
Hitchcock, James, PhD		Pro
Hogan, Michael , PhD		?
Huntington, Samuel P. , JD		Pro

- I -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Inglis, Bob, JD		Pro

- J -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Jacoby, Susan		Con
Jay, John		?
Jayne, Allen , PhD		?
Jefferson, Thomas		?

- K -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Karlton, Lawrence K., JD		Con
Kelly, Charles "Chuck" M., PhD		?
Kempthorne, Dirk		Pro
Kennedy, D. James , PhD		Pro
Kerry, John		NC
Kupelian, David		Pro
Kurtz, Paul , PhD		Pro
Kyl, Jon, LLB		Pro

- L -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Laycock, Douglas , JD		Con
Lieberman, Joe, LLB		Pro
Locke, John		NC
Lynn, Barry W. , JD		Con

- M -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Madison, James		?
Marylander, Grant, JD		Pro
Mason, George		?
Mauro, Tony, MS		Con
McCain, John		Pro
McGraw, Barbara A., JD, PhD		Con
McLaren, Brian , MA		NC
Moore, Roy S., JD		Pro
Morgan, Bill		?
Morris, David, PhD		?
Muñoz, Vincent Phillip, PhD		Pro

- N -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Newdow, Michael, JD, MD		Con
Novak, Michael		?

- O -

Individuals	Rating	Position
O'Connor, Sandra Day, LLB		Pro
O'Donnell, Patrick S. , MA		Con
Obama, Barack, JD		Pro
Olson, Theodore B., JD		Pro

- P -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Paige, Roderick Raynor, PhD		Pro
Paine, Thomas		?
Parsley, Rod		Pro
Pelosi, Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro		Pro
Powell, Garland W.		?
Prescott, Bruce , PhD		Con

- Q -

- R -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Reagan, Ronald W.		?
Rehnquist , William, JD		Pro
Remes, David H., JD		Con
Rios, Sandy		Pro
Robertson, Pat, JD		Pro
Roosevelt, Theodore		?
Roy, Lisa Shaw, JD		Pro
Ruch, John		NC
Ruprecht, Louis A., Jr., PhD		NC
Rutman, Yisrael		?

- S -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Safire, William		Pro
Sager, Lawrence G., LLB		Con
Sandoz, Ellis , PhD		Pro
Scalia, Antonin , LLB		Pro
Scheer, Robert		Con
Schneider, Tom		Pro
Sherman, Rob		Con
Shiffrin, Steven H. , JD		Con
Shuck, John , MDiv		?
Smolin, David M. , JD		?
Staver, Mathew , JD		Pro

- T -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Thompson, John E. , JD		Con

- U -

- V -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Van Alstyne, William W., JD		Con
Vickery, Paul S. , PhD		NC
Vidal, Gore		?

- W -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Waldman, Steven		?
Washington, George		?
West, Thomas G. , PhD		Pro
Williams, Karen J., JD		Pro
Wolff, Tobias B. , JD		?

- X -

- Y -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Yarbrough, Tinsley E., PhD		?

- Z -

Individuals	Rating	Position
Zavaletta, Joseph A., JD		Pro

II. Organizations

# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

- # -

- A -

Organizations	Rating	Position
ABC News		?
Adventist News Network (ANN)		?
Alliance Defense Fund (ADF)		Pro
American Atheists		Con
American Center for Law and Justice (ACLJ)		Pro
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)		Con
American Family Association		Pro
American Humanist Association		Con
American Jewish Congress, Inc.		Pro
American Journalism Review		?
American Legion		Pro
American Religion Data Archive (ARDA)		?
Americans United for Separation of Church and State (AU)		Con
Anti-Defamation League (ADL)		Con
Associated Press		?
Association of Humanistic Rabbis (AHR)		Con
Atheist Community of Austin		Con
Atheist Law Center		Con
Atheists and Other Freethinkers		Con
Atheists For Human Rights		Con

- B -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Becket Fund for Religious Liberty		Pro
Bliss Institute		?
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)		?

- C -

Organizations	Rating	Position
C-Span		?
Cable News Network (CNN)		?
Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights		Pro
CBS News		?
Center for Individual Freedom		Pro
Center for Public Justice		Pro
Christian Educators Association International (CEAI)		Pro
Christian Legal Society		Pro
Church Growth Research Center		?
Church of Freethought		Con
Claremont Institute		Pro
Columbia Encyclopedia		?
Common Good Foundation		Pro
Concerned Women for America		Pro
Connecticut Humanities Council (CHC)		?
Cornell Law Review		?
Council for Secular Humanism		Con

- D -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Daily Nebraskan		?
Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR)		?

- E -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Early America Review		?
Education Commission of the States (ECS)		?
Ekklesia		?

- F -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Family Research Council		Pro
First Amendment Center		NC
First Things		?
Focus on the Family		Pro
Foundation for Moral Law		Pro
FOX News		?
Freedom From Religion Foundation		Con

- G -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Gallup Organization		?
Graduate School of the City University of New York (CUNY)		?
Grassfire.org (fomerly Grassfire.net)		Pro
Guardian Unlimited (U.K.)		?

- H -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Harvard Civil Rights - Civil Liberties Law Review		?
Humanist Society		Con
HUUmanists		Con

- I -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Institute for Humanist Studies (IHS)		Con
International Social Survey Program (ISSP)		?
Ipsos North America		?

- J -

Organizations	Rating	Position
James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF)		Con
Jehovah's Witnesses United		?

- K -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Knights of Columbus		Pro

- L -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Liberty Counsel		Pro
Los Angeles Times		Pro

- M -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary		?

- N -

Organizations	Rating	Position
National Clergy Council		Pro
National Education Association (NEA)		Pro
National Forum Foundation (NFF)		Pro
National Jewish Commission on Law and Public Affairs (COLPA)		Pro
National Legal Foundation		Pro
National School Boards Association (NSBA)		Pro
New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia		?
New Anatolian
New York Times		?
Newsweek		?

- O -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Oregon Law Review		?

- P -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Pacific Justice Institute		Pro
Pacific Legal Foundation (PLF)		Pro
Pacific Research Institute		Pro
Pew Research Center		?

- Q -

- R -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Reuters		?
Rob Sherman Advocacy		Con
Rutherford Institute		Pro

- S -

Organizations	Rating	Position
San Jose Mercury News		?
Seattle Atheists		Con
Secular Coalition for America		Con
Slovak Spectator		?
Society for Humanistic Judaism		Con
SurveyUSA		?

- T -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Thomas More Law Center		Pro

- U -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Universal Pantheist Society (UPS)		Con
US Department of Justice (DOJ)		Pro
US Department of State		?
US Department of the Treasury		?
US House of Representatives		Pro
US National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)		?
US Senate		Pro
US Supreme Court		?

- V -

- W -

Organizations	Rating	Position
WallBuilders		Pro
Washington Post		?
Washington Times		?
Wikipedia		?
World Almanac for Kids		?
World Pantheist Movement		Con

- X -

- Y -

Organizations	Rating	Position
Your Catholic Voice Foundation		Pro

- Z -